Análisis de viabilidad técnica para el uso de Cobots en pymes manufactureras
un caso de estudio
Palabras clave:
4ta Revolución Industrial, Industria 4.0, pymes, Cobots, Producción
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue el desarrollo de un marco de referencia y metodología para el estudio de viabilidad técnica del uso de robots colaborativos en pymes manufactureras. De acuerdo con nuestro estudio anterior, el factor técnico es una de las cinco variables de evaluación para la toma de decisiones para la incorporación de Cobots en estaciones de trabajo, siendo ellas: el factor técnico, el ergonométrico, la calidad, el económico-financiero y el regulatorio. Este trabajo se ha realizado en tres fases: (1) se realizó un análisis sistemático de literatura en lo referente a el uso de Cobots en pymes y su correspondiente evaluación técnica, (2) se seleccionó el método de evaluación, y (3) se aplicó a un caso de incorporación de un Cobots en una estación de trabajo de una pequeña empresa de manufactura de productos eléctricos en la Argentina. Esta metodología colaboró con la toma de decisiones de la alta gerencia para comprender si las actividades de alimentación, manipulación y montaje de piezas y componentes eléctricos podrían ser realizadas de manera eficiente y eficaz por medio de un brazo robótico.
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[40] Pauliková, Alena; Babelová, Zdenka y Ubárová, Monika. (2021). ‘Analysis of the impact of human–cobot collaborative manufacturing implementation on the occupational health and safety and the quality requirements’, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1–15, doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041927.
[41] Djuric, Ana; Rickli, J L y Urbanic, R J. (2016). ‘A Framework for Collaborative Robot (CoBot) Integration in Advanced Manufacturing Systems’, SAE Int. J. Mater. Manuf., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 457–464, 2016, doi: 10.4271/2016-01-0337.
[42] Rauch, Erwin; Matt, Dominik; Brown, Christopher; Towner, Walter; Vickery, Andrew y Santiteerakul, Salinee. (2018). ‘Transfer of industry 4.0 to small and medium sized enterprises’, Adv. Transdiscipl. Eng., vol. 7, no. September, pp. 63–71, 2018, doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-898-3-63.
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[44] Ranz, Fabiean; Hummel, Vera y Sihn, Wilfried. (2017). ‘Capability-based Task Allocation in Human-robot Collaboration’, Procedia Manuf., vol. 9, pp. 182–189, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2017.04.011.
[45] Gualtieri, Luca; Rauch, Erwin; Vidoni, Renato y Matt, Dominik. (2020). ‘An evaluation methodology for the conversion of manual assembly systems into human-robot collaborative workcells’, Procedia Manuf., vol. 38, no. 2019, pp. 358–366, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.01.046.
[46] Fernandez, Gabriela. (2002). ‘Los Métodos PROMETHEE: una Metodología de Ayuda a la Toma de Decisiones Multicriterio Discretas’, Ser. Monográfica. Rev. Rect, p. 17, 2002, [Online]. Available: http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:LOS+M?TODOS+PROMETHEE+:+Una+Metodolog?a+de+Ayuda+a+la+Toma+de+Decisiones+Multicriterio+Discretas#1.
[2] Demartini, Matteo y Tonelli, Flavio. (2018). ‘Quality management in the industry 4.0 era’, Proc. Summer Sch. Fr. Turco, vol. 2018-Septe, pp. 8–14.
[3] Alcácer, Vìtor y Cruz-Machado, Virgilio. (2019). ‘Scanning the Industry 4.0: A Literature Review on Technologies for Manufacturing Systems’, Eng. Sci. Technol. an Int. J., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 899–919, doi: 10.1016/j.jestch.2019.01.006.
[4] DKE Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik in DIN und VDE, ‘German Standardsation Roadmap: Industrie 4.0’, DIN e. V., p. 146. (2018). [Online]. Available: www.din.de.
[5] Mittal, Sameer; Romero, David y Wuest Thorsten. (2018). ‘Towards a smart manufacturing toolkit for SMEs’, IFIP Adv. Inf. Commun. Technol., vol. 540, no. August, pp. 476–487, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-01614-2_44.
[6] Sarachaga, Isabel; Burgos, Arantzazu; Iriondo, Nagore; Alvarez, María Luz y Marcos, Marga. (2019). ‘INTEGRACIÓN END-TO-END A TRAVÉS DEL MODELO DEL PRODUCTO 4.0’, pp. 155–161.
[7] Zunk, Bernd y Omazic, Amalia. (2021). European Professors of Industrial Engineering and Management IEM Teaching and Research at the Crossroads of Innovation , Digitalisation and Sustainability Proceedings of the, 1st ed., no. 26. Graz: Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz Technikerstraße 4 8010 Graz Austria.
[8] Leitão, Paulo; Colombo, Armando y Karnouskos,Stamatis. (2016). ‘Industrial automation based on cyber-physical systems technologies: Prototype implementations and challenges’, Comput. Ind., doi: 10.1016/j.compind.2015.08.004.
[9] Koçoğlu, Fatma Önay y Demirkol, Denizhan. (2020). Data in the Context of Industry 4.0, no. December.
[10] Romeo, Laura; Petitti, Antonio; Marani, Roberto and Milella, Annalisa. (2020). ‘Internet of Robotic Things in Industry 4.0: Applications, Issues and Challenges’, 7th Int. Conf. Control. Decis. Inf. Technol. CoDIT 2020, pp. 177–182, doi: 10.1109/CoDIT49905.2020.9263903.
[11] Selvaggio, Mario; Cognetti, Marco, Nikolaidis, Stefanos; Ivaldi, Serena y Siciliano, Bruno. (2021). ‘Autonomy in physical human-robot interaction: A brief survey’, IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 7989–7996, doi: 10.1109/LRA.2021.3100603.
[12] Broum, Tomás y Simon, Michal. (2019). ‘Preparation of collaborative robot implementation in the Czech Republic’, Proc. Int. Conf. Ind. Eng. Oper. Manag., no. July, pp. 453–460.
[13] Gualtieri, Luca; Rojas, Rafael; Ruiz Garcia, Manuel; Rauch, Erwin y Vidoni, Renato. (2020). Implementation of a laboratory case study for intuitive collaboration between man and machine in sme assembly. 2020.
[14] Salimbeni, Sergio y Mamani, Daniel. (2020). ‘Marco de referencia para la incorporación de Cobots en líneas de manufactura’, Podium, vol. 38, no. 38, pp. 159–180, doi: 10.31095/podium.2020.38.10.
[15] Hernández Sampieri, Roberto; Fernández Collado, Carlos; Baptista, Lucio. (2019). Metodología de la Investigación, 5ta ed. México, D.F.: McGraw Hill, 2010.
[16] Jos, Francisco. (2019). ‘Metodología de revisión sistemática de literatura’, no. June, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3249429.
[17] Matt, Dominik. (2020). Industry 4.0 for SMEs.
[18] Sommer, Lutz. (2015). ‘Industrial revolution - Industry 4.0: Are German manufacturing SMEs the first victims of this revolution?’, J. Ind. Eng. Manag., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1512–1532, doi: 10.3926/jiem.1470.
[19] Rauch, Erwin. (2020). Industry 4.0+: The Next Level of Intelligent and Self-optimizing Factories. Springer International Publishing.
[20] Zhong, Ray; Xu, Xun; Klotz, Eberhard y Newman, Stephen. (2017). ‘Intelligent Manufacturing in the Context of Industry 4.0: A Review’, Engineering, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 616–630, doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.05.015.
[21] Mantravadi, Soujanya y Møller, Charles. (2019). ‘An overview of next-generation manufacturing execution systems - How important is MES for industry 4.0’, Procedia Manuf., vol. 30, pp. 588–595, doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.083.
[22] Ammar, Mohd; Haleem, Abid; Javaid, Mohd; Walia, Rinku y Bahl, Shashi. (2021). ‘Improving material quality management and manufacturing organizations system through Industry 4.0 technologies’, Mater. Today Proc., vol. 45, no. xxxx, pp. 5089–5096, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.585.
[23] Bagnoli, Carlo; Bravin, Alessia; Massaro, Maurizio y Vignotto, Alessandra. (2018). Business Model 4.0 I modelli di business vincenti per le imprese italiane nella quarta rivoluzione industriale, 1st ed. Venezia: Edizioni Ca`Foscari.
[24] Gadre, Monika y Deoskar, Aruna. (2020). ‘Industry 4 . 0 – Digital Transformation , Challenges and Benefits’, Int. J. Futur. Gener. Commun. Netw., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 139–149.
[25] Kadir, Bzhwen. (2020). ‘Designing new ways of working in Industry 4.0’.
[26] Ediz, Calga. (2021). ‘Metin Madenciliği ile Endüstri 4 . 0 ’ da Yeni Eğilimler’, no. January, pp. 0–14, doi: 10.25272/j.2149-8539.2021.7.1.01.
[27] Kragic, Danica; Gustafson, Joakim; Karaoguz, Hakan; Jensfelt, Patric y Krug, Robert. (2018). ‘Interactive, collaborative robots: Challenges and opportunities’, IJCAI Int. Jt. Conf. Artif. Intell., vol. 2018-July, pp. 18–25, doi: 10.24963/ijcai.2018/3.
[28] Munzer, Thibaut; Toussaint, Marc y Lopes, Manuel. (2017). ‘Preference learning on the execution of collaborative human-robot tasks’, Proc. - IEEE Int. Conf. Robot. Autom., pp. 879–885, doi: 10.1109/ICRA.2017.7989108.
[29] Boschetti, Giovanni; Bottin, Matteo; Faccio, Maurizio y Minto, Riccardo. (2021). ‘Multi-robot multi-operator collaborative assembly systems: a performance evaluation model’, J. Intell. Manuf., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1455–1470, doi: 10.1007/s10845-020-01714-7.
[30] Galin, Rinat y Meshcheryakov, Román. (2019). ‘Automation and robotics in the context of Industry 4.0: The shift to collaborative robots’, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 537, no. 3, pp. 2–7, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/537/3/032073.
[31] Fager, Patrik; Calzavara, Martina y Sgarbossa, Fabio. (2020). ‘Modelling time efficiency of cobot-supported kit preparation’, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 106, no. 5–6, pp. 2227–2241, doi: 10.1007/s00170-019-04679-x.
[32] Lee, Jay; Bagheri, Behrad y Kao, Hung An. (2015). ‘A Cyber-Physical Systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems’, Manuf. Lett., vol. 3, no. December, pp. 18–23, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2014.12.001.
[33] Matthias, Björn y Reisinger, Thomas. (2016). ‘Example application of ISO/TS 15066 to a collaborative assembly scenario’, 47th Int. Symp. Robot. ISR 2016, no. June, pp. 88–92.
[34] Cohen, Yuval; Shoval, Shraga; Faccio, Maurizio y Minto, Riccardo. (2021). ‘Deploying cobots in collaborative systems: major considerations and productivity analysis’, Int. J. Prod. Res., no. January, pp. 0–35, doi: 10.1080/00207543.2020.1870758.
[35] Mark, Benedikt y Rauch, Erwin. (2021). Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs, no. May. 2021.
[36] Modrák, Vladimír y Šoltysová, Zuzana. (2020). Development of an Organizational Maturity Model in Terms of Mass Customization.
[37] Lambrechts, Wim; Klaver, Jessica; Koudijzer, Lennart y Semeijn, Janjaap. (2021). ‘Human Factors Influencing the Implementation of Cobots in High Volume Distribution Centres’, Logistics, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 32, doi: 10.3390/logistics5020032.
[38] Galin, Rinat; Meshcheryakov, Roman; Kamesheva, Saniya y Samoshina, Anna. (2020). ‘Cobots and the benefits of their implementation in intelligent manufacturing’, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 862, no. 3, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/862/3/032075.
[39] Correia Simões, Ana; Soares, António y Barros, Ana. (2020). ‘Factors influencing the intention of managers to adopt collaborative robots (cobots) in manufacturing organizations’, J. Eng. Technol. Manag. - JET-M, vol. 57, no. March 2019, p. 101574, doi: 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2020.101574.
[40] Pauliková, Alena; Babelová, Zdenka y Ubárová, Monika. (2021). ‘Analysis of the impact of human–cobot collaborative manufacturing implementation on the occupational health and safety and the quality requirements’, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1–15, doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041927.
[41] Djuric, Ana; Rickli, J L y Urbanic, R J. (2016). ‘A Framework for Collaborative Robot (CoBot) Integration in Advanced Manufacturing Systems’, SAE Int. J. Mater. Manuf., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 457–464, 2016, doi: 10.4271/2016-01-0337.
[42] Rauch, Erwin; Matt, Dominik; Brown, Christopher; Towner, Walter; Vickery, Andrew y Santiteerakul, Salinee. (2018). ‘Transfer of industry 4.0 to small and medium sized enterprises’, Adv. Transdiscipl. Eng., vol. 7, no. September, pp. 63–71, 2018, doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-898-3-63.
[43] Gualtieri, Luca; Rauch, Erwin; Rojas, Rafael; Vidoni, Renato y Matt, Dominik. (2018). ‘Application of Axiomatic Design for the Design of a Safe Collaborative Human-Robot Assembly Workplace’, MATEC Web Conf., vol. 223, 2018, doi: 10.1051/matecconf/201822301003.
[44] Ranz, Fabiean; Hummel, Vera y Sihn, Wilfried. (2017). ‘Capability-based Task Allocation in Human-robot Collaboration’, Procedia Manuf., vol. 9, pp. 182–189, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2017.04.011.
[45] Gualtieri, Luca; Rauch, Erwin; Vidoni, Renato y Matt, Dominik. (2020). ‘An evaluation methodology for the conversion of manual assembly systems into human-robot collaborative workcells’, Procedia Manuf., vol. 38, no. 2019, pp. 358–366, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.01.046.
[46] Fernandez, Gabriela. (2002). ‘Los Métodos PROMETHEE: una Metodología de Ayuda a la Toma de Decisiones Multicriterio Discretas’, Ser. Monográfica. Rev. Rect, p. 17, 2002, [Online]. Available: http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:LOS+M?TODOS+PROMETHEE+:+Una+Metodolog?a+de+Ayuda+a+la+Toma+de+Decisiones+Multicriterio+Discretas#1.
Publicado
2022-11-06
Cómo citar
Salimbeni, S. (2022). Análisis de viabilidad técnica para el uso de Cobots en pymes manufactureras. AACINI - Revista Internacional De Ingeniería Industrial, (5), 5-20. Recuperado a partir de http://www3.fi.mdp.edu.ar/otec/revista/index.php/AACINI-RIII/article/view/34
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